Showing posts with label Mark Twain. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mark Twain. Show all posts

Friday, July 29, 2016

The DNC Still Just Doesn't Get It

The Real Significance of DNC Emails
[A] man is not independent, and cannot afford views which might interfere with his bread and butter.

-- Mark Twain, "Corn-pone Opinions," (1901)

Update on polls: They vary, both over time and between pollsters. The only one that really matters, because it is definitive, is the one that counts voters' ballots on November 8, 2016. Meanwhile, here is what The New York Times "National Polling Average" reported on July 30, 2016: Hillary Clinton 42.6%, Donald Trump 42.1% -- in other words, a toss-up. Of the 5 polls averaged, among the 3 putting Clinton ahead they range from 43-42% to 40-35%; the two favoring Trump are 48-45% and 44-40%. Results for 11 swing states show Clinton leading in 9, by 0.2% (Ohio) and 1.3% (Florida) to 4.5% (Virginia) and 7.0% (Wisconsin). Trump leads in Georgia by 3.3% and Missouri by 8.2%. "2016 Election Polls; National Polling Average," New York Times, July 30, 2016.
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Contents

The Convention

The Morning After

How the Democratic Party of 2016 Has Become the Republican Party of the 1940s and '50s

Why The DNC Still Just Doesn't Get It

The Growing Cancer of Campaign Finance

Why Sanders is Not Just a Candidate, and His Followers Are Not Just Campaign Supporters

Things Worth Losing an Election For

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On Monday of this week [July 25] I wrote:
Today [Monday, July 25, 2016] before watching any of the Democratic National Convention, or reading any of the news reports coming from Philadelphia, I'm going to write about some of the reasons for my discouragement. Later this week, once the Convention is concluded, I plan to write on the same subject once again to see what impact the Convention has had on my thinking.
"Why Trump May Win," July 25, 2016. Now that the Convention is over, here are my thoughts.

The Convention

The Convention got off to a bit of a bumpy start. Senator Sanders' "Revolution" had been mollified earlier, somewhat, with a party platform incorporating most of Sanders' proposals. But the DNC's and party establishment's disdain remained, and was confirmed with the revelation of DNC emails confirming what Sanders had complained of from the beginning (e.g., the number and scheduling of debates to favor Secretary Clinton, joint fundraising by the DNC and Clinton campaign, and emailed discussions of how best to set back the efforts of Sanders' followers). See, Aaron Blake, "Here Are the Latest, Most Damaging Things in the DNC's Leaked Emails," Washington Post, July 25, 2016.

Monday morning DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz was booed so loudly by her own Florida delegation that, in an effort to minimize the booing in the full Convention hall, it was decided to relieve her of the normal DNC Chair role of opening and closing the Convention. Nonetheless, the Sanders' backers continued with booing every time Clinton's name was mentioned by a speaker.

Tuesday through Thursday, with Sanders' appeals to his followers, and full-throated support for the election of Secretary Clinton, the booing subsided somewhat and a rumored walk out Thursday evening did not occur -- although Sanders' flip left many of his followers with a sense of betrayal, and some in tears.

I won't review them all here, but I thought many of the speeches throughout the week were excellent and even moving (see, e.g., Philip Bump, "The Father of Muslim Soldier Killed in Action Just Delivered a Brutal Repudiation of Donald Trump," Washington Post, July 28, 2016). However, the media seem to have given Hillary Clinton's acceptance speech mixed reviews. The PBS panel, including David Brooks, seemed to think her speech text and delivery to be no better than just "acceptable." But even a couple New York Times' folks whose evaluation of the speech was a little snarky, had to acknowledge that their fact check of her assertions found them mostly 100% accurate. Michael D. Shear and Thomas Kaplan, "Fact-Checking Hillary Clinton's Acceptance Speech," New York Times (online), July 29, 2016.

If you haven't read her speech text I urge you to do so. "Hillary Clinton's DNC speech: Full Text," CNN Politics, updated July 29, 2016, 1:14 a.m. ET (with 59:22 video). Frankly, I liked it -- from the perspective of what she needed to say, and wanted to say, and did say.

No speech can erase her ties to Wall Street billionaires and refusal to share with us the texts of what she told them in $650,000 speeches, or her support of costly, unnecessary wars of choice that have diminished, rather than enhanced, our national security, or whatever else has produced negative opinions of her that are the second highest of all those who have ever been presidential candidates. (Trump's are the highest negatives.) But in the speech she embraced the Sanders' Revolution. ("Your cause is our cause. Our country needs your ideas, energy, and passion. That's the only way we can turn our progressive platform into real change for America. We wrote it together -- now let's go out there and make it happen together.") She provided a State-of-the-Union-style list of what she wanted to do as president, along with how she intended to pay for it. She made an effort to accommodate her advisers' urging that she try to make herself more human (with references to Chelsea and Bill Clinton, her mother and grandmother). I could go on with all the other bases she touched on her way to bringing it home. But you can come to your own judgment about that.

Only time, and continuous polling, will tell what impact it had.

As for general impressions of the Convention, I thought it was professionally well produced and for the most part smoothly executed -- a real contrast with the Republican Convention and Trump performances the prior week.

The Morning After

Because this morning [Friday, July 29, 2016], as I stretched, wiped the sleep seeds out of my eyes, and ground the coffee beans, I realized that we are now, at best, back where we were on Monday morning, July 18 -- before the Republican Convention.

She came into the Democratic Party Convention well behind Trump in the polls, nationally and in the states she must carry: Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Florida, among others. Trump's performances in Iowa Thursday [July 28] afternoon and evening stole some of the media attention and poll bounce she otherwise would have received. He was back to calling her "Crooked Hillary." And Secretary Clinton had done herself, and the Democratic Party, no favors by going out of her way to honor the disgraced, and overtly anti-Sanders, former DNC Chair with the title of Honorary Chair of her campaign! At a minimum, this does nothing to refute the suspicion that she was complicit with Schultz's efforts to turn the DNC's resources to helping Clinton and defeating Sanders.

Her selection of Senator Tim Kaine as her vice president -- for all his virtues in that role for her -- only added to the disappointment among members of what the late Senator Paul Wellstone used to call "the Democratic wing of the Democratic Party" that the Party establishment was offering them just the same-old, same-old.

How the Democratic Party of 2016 Has Become the Republican Party of the 1940s and '50s

Yet Senator Kaine, perhaps inadvertently but clearly ill-advisedly, provided one of the most revealing assessments of his party during his acceptance speech when he said:
"Any party that would nominate Donald Trump for president has moved too far away from [the Republican] party of Lincoln. And I’ll tell you [disaffected Republicans], if any of you are looking for that party of Lincoln, we have got a home for you right here in the Democratic Party."
Will Drabold, "Read Tim Kaine’s Speech at the Democratic Convention," TIME, July 27, 2016

As I and others have earlier observed, the Democratic Party today (as distinguished from, say, the Democratic Party of Presidents Franklin Roosevelt, or Lyndon Johnson) most closely resembles the Republican Party of Presidents Eisenhower, Nixon, George H.W. Bush, and presidential candidate Nelson Rockefeller.

Alabama Governor George Wallace used to say, "There's not a dime's worth of difference" between the Democratic and Republican parties. That's not true. One has to evaluate the differences issue by issue. Then there is a dime's worth of difference, especially with regard to some social issues (e.g., abortion and gay marriage). But when it comes to capitulation to the demands of Wall Street, Big Pharma, Big Oil, large corporations, major donors generally, the NRA and other special interests, it is very difficult to make the case that those earning less that the median income (say, $50,000 a year) are better off with Democrats than Republicans.

Indeed, one of the most shameful and revealing bits of information in the DNC emails were the workings of the DNC in their relationships with major donors -- the provision of special perks and benefits, up to and including government jobs. Nicholas Confessore and Steve Eder, "In Hacked D.N.C. Emails, a Glimpse of How Big Money Works," New York Times, July 25, 2016, and Aaron Blake, "Here Are the Latest, Most Damaging Things in the DNC's Leaked Emails," Washington Post, July 25, 2016 (see "10) Flippant Chatter About Donors"). For an independent, professional, detailed and coherent report of a single event to explain this horrifying process, see Nicholas Confessore and Amy Chozick, "After Lying Low, Deep-Pocketed Clinton Donors Return to the Fore," New York Times, July 29, 2016, p. A1 (e.g., "While protesters marched in the streets and blocked traffic, Democratic donors congregated in a few reserved hotels and shuttled between private receptions with A-list elected officials. If the talk onstage at the Wells Fargo Center was about reducing inequality and breaking down barriers, Center City Philadelphia evoked the world as it still often is: a stratified society with privilege and access determined by wealth. . . . 'It’s business as usual,' said Libby Watson, who monitored lobbying events in Philadelphia on behalf of the Sunlight Foundation, a group devoted to government transparency.")

If one needs more illustration of the inequality created, and then ignored, by both major parties, one need look no further than the contrast between the Convention delegates' $600-a-night rooms (arranged by the DNC) with the 650-a-night homeless sleeping on the streets of Philadelphia while delegates ate, slept, partied, and met in comfort. ("[T]here are more than 500,000 homeless people in the United States. Out of all of them, 31 percent are living on the streets . . .. Philadelphia alone has more than 13,000 homeless people, both living on the streets and involved in programs and shelters. Approximately 650 homeless individuals sleep on the streets of Philadelphia on any given night." "South Philadelphia: Homeless People Are Struggling To Survive In The City," Philadelphia Neighborhoods, July 15, 2015.) Who spoke for them, let alone did anything?

Bluntly put, the Democratic Party has lost its soul, where access to power is gladly exchanged for access to money, and elected officials (not to mention DNC staff) spend up to half of every working day "dialing for dollars" rather than legislating.

Why The DNC Still Just Doesn't Get It

The afternoon of September 7, 2015, former Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley stopped by the Iowa City Federation of Labor's Annual Labor Day Picnic, held in the usual City Park Shelter #3. There were then five Democratic candidates in the race in addition to O'Malley: Lincoln Chafee, Hillary Clinton, Larry Lessig, Bernie Sanders, and Jim Webb. During my visit with Governor O'Malley he asked me who I was supporting. I explained that I was solidly behind Bernie Sanders, but that he, O'Malley, was my second choice. Given the field of competitors, rather than expressing disappointment he indicated that he was quite delighted to be my second choice.

And why was he my second choice? Because from among the conventional candidates he scored highest on my checklist: range of experience, accomplishments, values, and political/social skills; that is, both elect-ability and capacity to function as president. As it turned out, few primary and caucus-going Democrats seemed to share my assessment.

So why am I writing about Martin O'Malley in a race that narrowed to Clinton and Sanders and stayed on track at the Democratic National Convention to select Hillary Clinton?

Because I need an example of what I mean by a "conventional candidate" to explain the three examples of why it is I think "the DNC still just doesn't get it."

The DNC (and Party establishment) has failed to recognize and embrace what Sanders was offering them. And I don't mean his candidacy. They could be thankful for his gifts to them and still decide that, for whatever reasons, they believed someone else would make a better candidate. (Although given that most of the polls indicated he would run stronger against Trump than Clinton, elect-ability could not have been among the reasons.)

Why was what Sanders was offering of value to the Party?

Americans are increasingly unwilling to give their unwavering, lifetime loyalty and trust to major institutions, whether government, corporations (as employers or suppliers), or traditional organized religions.

Not surprisingly, they are also falling away from political party identification, which Gallup reports is now at all-time lows. Nearly a half of all voters (42%) now identify as "independents;" only 29% are still Democrats, and 26% say they are Republicans.

There are many ways to increase party identification and membership, but the long-term most efficient may be to focus on (1) the young (Robert Kennedy used to "campaign" among high school students too young to vote) and (2) that 42% who are independent. Senator Sanders was dramatically successful with both groups.

He walked away with the youth vote. "In the Democratic primaries and caucuses overall, Mr Sanders won 70% of the under-30 vote . . .." "Young v Old Votes for Bernie and Hillary in the 2016 Primaries," The Economist, April 27, 2016. And Nate Silver 538 has explained Sanders' attraction to independents:
Sanders does much better among independents than among Democrats. In New Hampshire, for instance, Sanders won Democrats by 4 percentage points while winning independents by nearly 50 percentage points, a split we’ve seen repeatedly since then. Some of Sanders’s strongest performances in primaries have come in places such as New Hampshire, Michigan and Wisconsin, states whose rules allow independents to vote in either primary. In fact, to date Sanders has compiled an unexpected record, performing very well in caucuses but having won just a single closed primary (Oklahoma’s). So why is Sanders doing so well among independents? It appears to be driven not by their ideology so much as their dislike of partisan politics.
Dan Hopkins, "Why Sanders Does Better With Independents; It's Not Because They're More Moderate Than Democrats," FiveThirtyEight.com, April 18, 2016.

The Growing Cancer of Campaign Finance

The number one political concern for overwhelming majorities of Americans is the corrupting influence of money. Even 80% of Republicans oppose the Citizens United v. FEC Supreme Court opinion. A New York Times/CBS poll revealed that 85% of Americans believe we need fundamental changes to our campaign finance system. Another found 72% preferred small-donor financing of campaigns as a solution. A Des Moines Register poll of Iowa's caucus-goers revealed that 91% of Republicans and 94% of Democrats were somewhere between "unsatisfied" and "mad as hell" about money in politics. Jeff Robinson, "There's Nothing Naive About Wanting To Change Our Broken System," Every Voice, January 20, 2016.

Needless to say, campaign finance is the elephant in the political living room when it comes to building party membership and winning elections -- even for those benefiting from the system who see no ethical or moral problems with a democracy choosing legislation based on the size of campaign contributions.

Indeed, as mentioned above, one of the most embarrassing revelations to come from the 20,000 DNC emails revealed by Wikileaks has to do with what they explain about how the DNC trades benefits, and even government jobs, for the biggest political contributions.

When challenged, most professional politicians come back with resigned explanations regarding the costs of electioneering, and how PACs and large donations from corporations and the top 1/10 of 1% are really just the only way they can pay for the process.

Well, Bernie Sanders has just shown them how he could run a very successful and well-funded campaign with roughly 8 million donors contributing an average of $27 to what became a $200 million campaign.

Trump may be despicable, but he has figured it out. So had Bernie Sanders. The DNC has not.

Americans are angry; only 24% believe the country is headed in the right direction. "Right Direction or Wrong Track; 24% Say U.S. Heading in Right Direction," Rasmussen Reports, July 25, 2016. Over 90% want a change in campaign finance. Young people are less interested in committing themselves to traditional, 20th Century political parties. The fastest growing American "political party" are independents.

Senator Sanders offered the DNC an example of how to cure their woes -- how to generate enthusiasm instead of disdain, how to appeal to the new, young voters and independents, and how to eliminate the crippling burden of multi-million-dollar fundraising from the wealthy. Like Swiss watchmakers ignoring the growing market for digital watches, or Kodak rejecting the opportunity to develop videotape and the Xerox process, the DNC turned its back on what Sanders was not only advocating, but demonstrating by example was possible.

Not only did the DNC ignore him, worse still it actively opposed his efforts. It bulled ahead with its 20th Century notion that the Democratic Party could win a national election all by itself, using nothing but what we called in Texas "yellow dog Democrats" (those who would vote a straight ticket for Democrats even if a candidate was a yellow dog). It assumed it could once more ignore the overwhelming public opposition to the way it finances its operations. It got behind a quintessentially establishment presidential candidate (and then vice president) who would enhance, rather than suppress, its ability to raise money. And it did everything in its power to prevent Sanders' success.

Why Sanders is Not Just a Candidate, and His Followers Are Not Just Campaign Supporters

All of which brings me back to Governor Martin O'Malley and Senator Bernie Sanders.

If you've noticed, as far as I know there has not been a peep out of Governor O'Malley, or any of his supporters, objecting to the candidacy of Hillary Clinton. By contrast, although most of the Sanders supporters say that if they are in a toss-up state they will hold their nose and vote for Clinton (though they are unlikely to contribute money or work in the campaign), they also say that if they are in a state that is overwhelmingly either pro-Trump or Clinton they will stay home, or vote Green or Libertarian.

Why are the Sanders supporters so upset? What's the difference between them and the O'Malley supporters?

Conventional political campaigns are kind of like a game. Indeed, the media is sometimes criticized for treating them like "a horse race" -- poll results, money raised, and crowd size. That doesn't mean they aren't hard fought, or that there aren't often bruised feelings that take a long time to heal. But the attitude among what we call "political people" is kind of like what I imagine the attitude among professional football players must be.

Pro football is rough and tumble. Games are hard fought. There are lots of injuries, and an occasional death, or lifetime consequences from too many concussions. At the end of a game there is a winner and a loser -- with financial rewards for the winner. But there are rules, and there will be another game next week, or next season. Players are traded from team to team. There is a kind of camaraderie among players, given their similar backgrounds, experiences and lives.

Politics is kind of like that. Going in, the candidates, staff and consultants know there will be winners and losers. There's a rough sense of the rules, and how the game will be played, and admiration for one's more skilled adversaries -- with whom one may work in the future. There is an understanding and acceptance of the role of big money in politics (as they say, "money is the mother's milk of politics"). No matter who wins they will probably have more in common with their opponent than differences -- like football players, due to their similar backgrounds, experiences and lives. Even if the election is stolen, there's a certain admiration for someone who can "steal it fair and square." It's a game played out within a closed system. You live to run another day.

Bernie Sanders "campaign" was not like that at all. He was, after all, not even a member of the Democratic Party (although he became one for purposes of the primaries). He was a Democratic Socialist. He had virtually no national name identification. He had virtually no money. He had no powerful, or wealthy, political friends, fans, or armies of followers. He did not agree with the golden rule of politics that "those who have the gold make the rules." He was, in every sense, an outsider, one of the least likely persons to be thought a serious presidential candidate. No, Bernie Sanders did not have a "campaign" to get himself nominated (though it had that appearance). He had a "revolution" in nearly every sense, and acknowledged it as much. (His continuing efforts now bear the name, "Our Revolution.")

He did not think campaigns should benefit, or be paid for by, the wealthy (later paid back on their "investment"). He thought they should include all demographic groups, including former non-voters, not just the older, regular voters. He believed that governments' primary responsibilities were to those without a voice, rather than those with the megaphones of modern media.

When Bernie Sanders did not win the nomination, when he was rebuffed and actively opposed by the DNC, it had almost no similarity to the significance of Governor O'Malley not getting the nomination. It was the defeat of a political revolution, the rebuff of an effort to democratize both the process and the public benefits that would flow from such changes. The closer analogy would be if those wishing to break from England in 1776 lost a vote, and those opposing the separation then asked them to please join in supporting their candidate for the Virginia House of Burgesses.

When Clinton seeks the support of Sanders' supporters (as distinguished from O'Malley supporters) she is not just asking them to switch from the candidate who lost to the candidate who won. It is as if Bill Maher was appealing to devout Catholics to abandon their faith and join in his campaign for president of an atheist organization. She is asking them to abandon their beliefs, their motives, what brought them into politics in the first place; she is asking them to suddenly switch from opposition to everything they hate about the present Democratic Party, and her, and work to perpetuate it.

Things Worth Losing an Election For

Then-Senator Joe Biden once told me, "Nick, there are some things worth losing an election for."

I don't know if he still believes that. I'd like to think he does. But if so, it would put him in a very small minority amongst today's professional politicians. Well over 90% of those in the U.S. House now have things so rigged that if they want to be reelected they will be. And they want to be reelected. There is, in the minds of many of them, no thing worth losing an election for. Like football coaches of old proclaimed, "winning is not the most important thing, winning is the only thing." Some are neither show horses nor work horses. They're not even sleeping in the barn. They spend their days raising money, and then paying back the donors at ratios of 1000-to-one to 2000-to-one. See, Nicholas Johnson, "Campaigns: You Pay $4 or $4000," Des Moines Register, July 21, 1996. For what? To keep their job. Because, they believe, "there's nothing worth losing an election for."

As I started this blog entry, it turns out that Mark Twain was right over 100 years ago when he observed, "[A] man is not independent, and cannot afford views which might interfere with his bread and butter."

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Monday, July 14, 2014

When Believing Is Seeing

July 14, 2014, 6:20 a.m.

Check It On Snopes

Note: For more on this subject see, "Snopes, Popes, and Presidents," December 26, 2014, and "Obama-Haters' Rhetoric and Media Responsibility," July 5, 2014.
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When Believing Is Seeing

Nicholas Johnson

Iowa City Press-Citizen, July 14, 2014, p. A5

Hitler’s Joseph Goebels is credited with the strategy that, “If you repeat a lie often enough, people will believe it.” That’s deliberate lying.

More common is Mark Twain’s insight that, “It’s not what we don’t know that’s the problem, it’s what we know that ain’t so.” We’re not “lying.” We’re just repeating false information we assume is true because it’s consistent with our beliefs — something journalists are trained to guard against.

New York’s four-term U.S. Senator Daniel Moynihan famously admonished, “Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts.”

But what are we to do when it is our opinion that creates our facts?

“Seeing is believing?” Yes, sometimes. But the reverse is also true: “Believing is seeing.” We tend to see that which supports our belief.

In a Yale paper last year, “Motivated Numeracy and Enlightened Self-Government,” the authors report their research finding that even scientists, highly skilled in math, make more errors when the correct math answer leads to conclusions contrary to their political orientation.

The phenomenon occurs for what we love as well as what we hate. Fans of Pope Francis are likely to believe favorable, false stories about his good deeds, however implausible (e.g., he’s slipping out at night to visit Rome’s homeless). See, “Snopes, Popes and Presidents,” http://bit.ly/1mRLzLY.

Similarly, Obama haters are equally willing to believe almost any emailed negative assertion about our “Muslim, socialist, Kenyan, imperial” president — and send it on.

Snopes.com is a wonderful online service for checking the truth of the “urban legends, folklore, myths, rumors, and misinformation” that circle the global Internet each day. So when the occasional Obama-haters’ email comes our way, we check it on Snopes.com, and kindly inform the senders if the email is untrue.

Recently came a whopper, widely circulated since January.

It was so obviously wrong on so many counts it would have been hilarious if it hadn’t been seriously libelous in its efforts to link the President — and Hillary Clinton, too, for good measure — to words allegedly authored by community organizer Saul Alinsky: “Eight steps required to create a socialist state.”

To paraphrase Senator Lloyd Bentsen’s retort when Senator Dan Quayle compared himself to Jack Kennedy during their 1988 vice presidential candidate debate, “I knew Saul Alinsky. Saul Alinsky was a friend of mine. And believe me, Sir, Saul Alinsky never wrote those words.”

Nor could Barack Obama have received the mentoring from Alinsky the email hints at, since President Obama was only 10 years old when Alinksy died. In fact, during a conversation I once had with candidate Obama about community organizing, neither of us even mentioned Alinsky’s name.

The need to oppose, and demonstrate the evil in everything President Obama has ever read, thought, advocated or done can lead to bizarre results, one of which is the email’s effort to demonize community organizing as “socialism.” It not only reveals equal ignorance regarding both, but rejects what is actually just another description of democracy.

Community organizing is the study, design, and utilization of strategies by which neighborhoods, or other groups of individual citizens, can more effectively present their grievances and proposals to governments and other institutions. These are techniques millions have proudly used since our nation’s birth, including both the Tea Party and Occupy movements during this century.

What can we do?

MSNBC’s Rachel Maddow simply tries to state the facts occasionally. Examples: “He really was born in Hawaii. And climate change is real. And rape really does cause pregnancy sometimes. And evolution is a thing. And no one is taking away anyone’s guns. And the moon landing was real. And regulations of the financial services industry are not the same thing as communism.”

You get the idea.

And for the rest of us? “Check it on Snopes or risk looking like dopes.”
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Nicholas Johnson, Iowa City, maintains www.nicholasjohnson.org and the blog, http://FromDC2Iowa.blogspot.com.

For more, in the form of related research on this subject, see, Amina Khan, “‘Liberal’ or ‘Conservative’? Brain’s ‘Disgust’ Reaction Holds the Answer,” Los Angeles Times, Oct. 30, 2014 ("[F]indings, published in Current Biology, show that the brains of liberals and conservatives may indeed by wired differently — and shed light on the biological factors at play in political beliefs. . . . [M]any of the same subjects at issue in certain political ideologies – attitudes toward sex, family, education and personal autonomy, for example – have an emotional component as much as a logic-based one. And some research has indicated that political leanings can be inherited (much in the same way that height can inherited but modified, affected by a number of factors from nutrition to the environment).").

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Thursday, August 02, 2012

Snopes and 'What We Know That Ain't So'

August 2, 2012, 10:30 p.m.
"It's not what we don't know that's the problem, it's what we know that ain't so."
-- Mark Twain
[the quote, in a variety of forms, is variously attributed to Mark Twain, Will Rogers, and others. (The Penguin Dictionary of Modern Humorous Quotations, 1987, attributes it to Josh Billings.)]

"Everyone is entitled to their own opinions, but they are not entitled to their own facts."
-- Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan
[as attributed to Moynihan by Robert Sobel.]

"A gaffe is when a politician tells the truth - some obvious truth he isn't supposed to say."
-- Michael Kinsley
[Kinsely gaffe, Wikipedia.]

"[I]in the big lie there is always a certain force of credibility; because the broad masses of a nation are always more easily corrupted in the deeper strata of their emotional nature than consciously or voluntarily; and thus in the primitive simplicity of their minds they more readily fall victims to the big lie than the small lie, since they themselves often tell small lies in little matters but would be ashamed to resort to large-scale falsehoods. It would never come into their heads to fabricate colossal untruths, and they would not believe that others could have the impudence to distort the truth so infamously."
-- Adolph Hitler
[Mein Kampf, vol. I, ch. X.]

It's silly season. Presidential politics is in full swing. It has been said that "the first casualty of war is truth." Truth is also a casualty of politics.

Some of the things that are said of candidates during campaigns may strike us as so outrageous as to be funny. Others may prompt us to think, "that can't be right, . . . can it?"

We may not be paying close attention. The assertion may square with our beliefs, ideology, or prejudices. Whatever our condition and response, the assertion has entered that electro-chemical soup that is our brain, and continues to float around in there in one form or another.

Most K-12 school districts are not as candid as the Texas Republicans were in their platform -- a flat out opposition to "Higher Order Thinking Skills":

"Knowledge-Based Education – We oppose the teaching of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) (values clarification), critical thinking skills and similar programs that are simply a relabeling of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) (mastery learning) which focus on behavior modification and have the purpose of challenging the student’s fixed beliefs and undermining parental authority." "2012 Republican Party of Texas Report of Platform Committee," p. 12.

But before you start ridiculing Texas, remember that the absence of overt opposition to teaching "higher order thinking skills" is not the same as the existence of such programs. How many school districts are training our children how to use the two most powerful questions in critical thinking: "What do you mean?" and "How do you know?"? Is yours? See, Nicholas Johnson, "Governing America: 'What do you mean?' and 'How do you know?," Address at the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, April 3, 1997, and Nicholas Johnson, What Do You Mean and How Do You Know? An Antidote for the Language That Does Our Thinking for Us (Lulu: 2009).

The reason I suspect these skills are not widely taught and practiced is because of the quantity of demonstrably false assertions that are passed along on the Internet by folks I know to be relatively well informed, intelligent, and sometimes highly educated individuals.

When my wife, Mary Vasey, and I are sent such assertions we sometimes check them out on Snopes and send the results to the originator, along with the suggestion that they might consider using Snopes the next time they are tempted to e-mail everyone they know something that seems questionable on its face.

"So what is Snopes?" you ask. Snopes is a Web site that self-defines itself as "the definitive Internet reference source for urban legends, folklore, myths, rumors, and misinformation." For Snopes' origins, owners, history, and reliability, see Snopes.com, Wikipedia.org. (And see also, FactCheck.org, Wikipedia.org.)

And now for a little quiz, drawing upon the resources of Snopes. There are quite a number of assertions going around the Internet regarding our president, Barack Obama. Look over this list of a sampling, the first 55 of the 122 Snopes has checked out. (1)Note the number that seem to be outrageous on their face, and yet have received wide circulation. (2) See if you can guess which ones checked out as true, and which are false, and which are a bit of both. (To see the whole list go to Snopes.com Barack Obama. Snopes also has a list for Mitt Romney -- although with a total of no more than 9.)

Illinois senator Barack Obama is a "radical Muslim" who "will not recite the Pledge of Allegiance."

Barack Obama was sworn into office on the Quran.

Photograph shows Barack Obama without his hand over his heart while the U.S. national anthem is being played.

Barack Obama has been endorsed for President of the U.S. by the Ku Klux Klan.

Barack Obama's presidential campaign is being funded by Hugo Chávez.

Editorial criticizes anachronisms in Barack Obama's 2007 Selma speech.

Barack Obama urged his supporters to join him in changing "the greatest nation in the history of the world."

Photograph shows Barack Obama with various family members.

Editorial criticizes Barack Obama's political stances.

Access to Michelle Obama's senior thesis was restricted until after the 2008 presidential election.

Photograph shows Barack Obama holding a telephone upside down.

E-mail reproduces Barack Obama's statement about the U.S. national anthem.

E-mail from missionary describes Barack Obama's connection to political events in Kenya.

The Book of Revelation describes the Anti-Christ as someone with characteristics matching those of Barack Obama.

E-mail lists fifty lies told by Barack Obama.

E-mail lists quotes garnered from Barack Obama's books.

Barack Obama does not qualify as a natural-born citizen of the U.S. because his mother was too young.

During a campaign stop, Barack Obama said that he had visited fifty-seven states.

Barack Obama announces every time he claps a child in America dies from gun violence; kid in classroom tells him to stop doing that.

During the 1960's, Robert F. Kennedy said he believed a black man could become President of the United States within forty years.

The bulk of donations to the Obama campaign come from a handful of wealthy foreign financiers.

E-mail compares proposed changes in taxes after the 2008 presidential election.

Barack Obama's birth certificate is a forgery.

Insurance broker posts "A taxpayer voting for Barack Obama is like a chicken voting for Colonel Sanders" sign.

Barack Obama "blew off" U.S. soldiers during a July 2008 trip to Afghanistan.

Barack Obama removed the U.S. flag from the tail of his airplane and replaced it with his own logo.

During an interview with the Wall Street Journal, Barack Obama said, "a strong government hand is needed to assure that wealth is distributed more equitably."

Hundreds of people with physical ailments have reported being healed by a touch from Barack Obama.

Native Americans dubbed Barack Obama "Walking Eagle."

E-mail presents Bill Brown's assessment of Barack Obama's political record.

E-mail lists unpaid campaign debts incurred by Senator Joe Biden.

Joe Biden is planning to step down from the vice-presidential slot on the Democratic ticket in favor of Hillary Clinton.

E-mail warns of health issues associated with the Obama-Biden ticket.

Three former Fannie Mae executives are linked to the Obama campaign as chief economic advisors.

Barack Obama's education and house were paid for with money obtained from questionable sources.

Barack Obama filed a lawsuit to require banks to "make loans to poor people."

Barack Obama has an acquaintanceship with Bill Ayers, a former domestic terrorist.

The editor of the National Review has endorsed Barack Obama for president.

Photograph shows Barack Obama carrying The Post-American World, "a Muslim's view of a defeated America."

The Obama campaign sent Secret Service agents to visit a Texas woman after a volunteer worker deliberately misreported their phone conversation.

Barack Obama never mentioned Israel by name in either of the first two 2008 presidential debates.

Michelle Obama gorged herself on an expensive room service dinner while her husband was attending a meeting at the Waldorf-Astoria hotel.

Barack Obama admitted to being a Muslim during an ABC News interview.

Barack Obama would not qualify for a security clearance due to his relationship with Bill Ayers.

Barack Obama asked law enforcement personnel to remain out of view during a campaign event in Battle Creek, Michigan.

Scholars at the Smithsonian Institution have uncovered new interpretations of Nostradamus that relate to Barack Obama.

The numbers 6-6-6 were the winning combination in an Illinois lottery the day after Election Day 2008.

President Obama issued an order "allowing hundreds of thousands Palestinians to resettle in the United States."

As part of the inauguration festivities, Tiger Woods gave a speech in thanks of the military.

Photograph shows a store's display window presenting books about Barack Obama with a book about monkeys.

Photograph shows the tail number of Air Force One to be "N166ER."

CIA director Leon Panetta's daughter is a "radical anti-American."

Statement reproduces President Obama's response regarding opposition to his veterans' health insurance plan.

Message details decisions made by President Obama in directing the rescue of Captain Richard Phillips from Somali pirates.

Message details requirements of the GIVE (Generations Invigorating Volunteerism and Education) act.

To see how well you did, go to Snopes.com Barack Obama for the Snopes team's evaluations.

Then reflect on what this means for our campaigns, our democracy, our government. How much can a self-governing people "know that ain't so" and still survive?

Let's vow to do all we can to think before we repeat what looks questionable, to check it out with Snopes, and politely remind those with whom we exchange emails to do the same.

We'll miss some; we'll make mistakes. I'm sure I have. But we can all do better, and it's important that we do.

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Saturday, September 13, 2008

Rumors, Reporting and Reputations

September 13, 2008, 11:30 a.m.

FromDC2Iowa.blogspot.com
Currently Most Popular Blog Entries

"Trials, Business and 'Student Athletes,'" September 11, 2008.
"University of Iowa Sexual Assault Controversy -- 2007-08," July 19-present (incorporating and updating original blog entry, "UI Sexual Assault Update," July 19-August 9).
"Reactions to Obama's Telecom Immunity Vote," July 9, 2008.
"Random Thoughts on Law School Rankings," April 29, 2008.
"Alcohol Update," September 6, 2008.
"How Much Do You Owe the Chinese?" September 8, 2008.
"Hawkeyes' Criminal Record Lengthens," February 25, 2008.
"A Strategy For PUMAs," September 9, 2008.
"Who's The Reason?" September 5, 2008.

And see, Database Index of 500-plus blog entries


Rumors, Reporting and Reputations

[And note today's updates to "A Strategy for PUMAs" and "University of Iowa Sexual Assault Controversy -- 2007-08."]

Throughout its reporting about the events since October 14, the Press-Citizen often includes a line similar to that in Hermiston's September 12 story, below: "Because it is the Press-Citizen's policy not to identify alleged sexual assault victims, it has not named the mother."

Many media organizations follow that policy. It reflects a sensitivity toward the alleged victim. It reduces at least one of the many disincentives that discourage victims from reporting assaults. And it doesn't really interfere all that much with the ability of the media to tell the story.

The question is, why not apply a similar standard to the accused? There may be a reason. I'm not saying there's not. I'm just asking, what is it?

A person's reputation is a very fragile -- and valuable -- thing.

There are many elements of "defamation," but it is, in general, the utterance or repetition of a falsehood that is damaging to the subject's reputation. (Related "causes of action," as lawyers refer to theories for law suits, might include "false light," "public disclosure of private facts," and "intentional infliction of emotional distress" -- in short, personal harm that can sometimes come from truth as well as falsehood.)

Clearly, for the mass media to spread far and wide that someone has committed a crime, or other disreputable act -- let alone one that is as highly charged emotionally as "sexual assault" -- when the subject of the charge is innocent, or before it can be known whether or not they are innocent, is to inflict a form of punishment that is often far more severe than the punishments handed down by a court. It is a way of holding up someone to shame and ridicule in a community; although different physically, in its effect on one's reputation it is something not unlike the earlier use of stocks for public humiliation (a wooden structure, in a public place, in which an offender's arms, legs and head could be held in place).

Once one's reputation is besmirched it is almost impossible to redeem it. As Mark Twain is credited with saying, "A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes." Or as I sometimes quote, but cannot now find the source for: "The truth is a notoriously slow runner in its race with the lie."

Indeed, in many countries for a newspaper or broadcast station to engage in the kind of reporting we've had about this alleged assault would constitute a form of contempt of court for which the media's reporters and owners would be punished with fines and imprisonment. (The concern is not just for the reputation of the accused, but for the legal process itself, since pre-trial publicity may so taint the public's understanding of a case -- before any evidence has even been marshaled, not to mention admitted during a trial -- as to make it virtually impossible to find that "impartial jury.")

I suffer no illusions that we'd ever adopt such a policy here. But considering it as a theoretical matter, why not? There are good reasons for the media to report on what various aspects of our government -- from the military to the judiciary -- are up to. After all, "checking value" is one of the basic values of, or reasons for, the First Amendment (i.e., the media's ability to look for, investigate and report on institutional abuses -- not just governmental units, but corporations, trade unions, hospitals, and so forth. Other values include "marketplace of ideas/search for truth," "self-governing," "safety valve" (i.e., an alternative to violence), and "self-actualization.") A self-governing democracy requires that the citizenry have the opportunity to know what its government is doing.

So I don't think we'd want to bar the media from reporting about the courts, judges, trials and accused defendants. But that doesn't answer: how much would we, the public, lose if the media (a) could investigate and gather information about courts/trials whenever it wanted, but (b) could not report what it knew until either the conclusion of the trial, or at least after it was started, and (c) could not reveal the names of accused defendants until they'd been found guilty?

For purposes of monitoring the operation of government, does the public really have to know these details any earlier? Maybe they do. But, if so, why?

The folks least able to reply, or otherwise protect themselves, are those who are not in the public eye, with easy access to the mass media. But I've discussed elsewhere the need to do something about the latter as well. We've seen it during this presidential campaign. Is there nothing that can be done to prevent, or at least minimize, the lies and deliberate misrepresentations that pollute the public's participation in elections -- as well as whatever harm they may do to the personal reputations of candidates and others? See, "Defamation of Public Figures: Rethinking New York Times v. Sullivan" in Nicholas Johnson, "It's Biden -- for 'Experience'?" August 23, 2008.

The consequences from gossip and serious, unproved assertions, are complicated by the fact that few among us, it seems, are able, or if able, inclined and willing, to apply the distinctions between an allegation and proof, an inference and a fact, an hypothesis and a theory, an assertion and data, ideological faith and policy analysis, a rumor and a report, rhetoric and research. My sense is that if we're spending time on such distinctions in our K-12 curriculum they're not being applied by a good many graduates years later.

Secondly, if the lie could travel halfway round the world in Mark Twain's day, today's Internet makes it possible to cover the world with lies in a small fraction of the time he had in mind.

As it happened, I came upon a couple of authors' efforts to explore these issues recently.

Here are excerpts from the first, written by someone who seems able to truly internalize "innocent until proven guilty":

"Those vicious thugs brutally raped that poor girl and left her bloody and beaten!"

So I remember one caller confidently proclaimed on a local talk show in reference to the alleged sexual assault in a university dormitory. After what seemed like a long pause, the host stated, "Well, remember these allegations are still unproven and we should refer to the accuser as alleged victim."

Left unchallenged were the words "vicious thugs," "brutally raped" and "bloody and beaten."

I never read those descriptions among the few details that have been released to the public by the police. Yet, even though the start of the defendants' trial is a long way off, the caller, and apparently the host, were confident in their condemning judgments extrapolated from unproven allegations. . . .

I close with my own opinions of others' guilt.

Given that the trial concerning the alleged rape has not even started, I currently think the two defendants are innocent.
The entire op ed is well worth a read: Jay Christensen-Szalanski, "Presumption of innocence," Iowa City Press-Citizen, September 11, 2008

The other is a book that will be published next month: Daniel J. Solove, The Future of Reputation: Gossip, Rumor, and Privacy on the Internet (Yale University Press, 2008), available October 6, excerpt (Chapter 1) now available.

From that excerpt and the table of contents it looks like Professor Solove is struggling -- perhaps with some success -- in addressing what possibly can be done to moderate the potential harm to reputations that's been exacerbated by the Internet, while retaining its open access, diversity and wild west character.

There are no obvious answers -- at least they're not obvious to me. But we'd all better be looking for some, because it's going to get worse before it gets better.

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